Gagne’s “Nine Steps of Instruction” (or “Nine Events of Instruction”) is an instructional design model that aims to help develop and deliver a class lecture (Gagne’, 1992). Gagne’ believed there are “conditions of learning.” In order to create and stimulate such a “condition of learning,” he developed nine general steps of instruction in teaching (Killpatrick, 2001). By following these nine steps, students will have a higher chance of mastering the knowledge or concepts. The following is a brief list of examples of how Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction model can be applied in everyday classes. Step 1: Arouse students’ attention Students won’t be ready for learning if instructors don’t have their attention. This step is to obtain their attention so that they will be curious and want to know what’s next. Use of pictures, videos, case studies, news, storytelling, polls, or other ice breaking activities will quickly get students to focus their attention on the con...
Factors Influencing Curriculum Development: Explore how societal, cultural, technological, and globalization forces shape educational policies and practices.
Factors Influencing Curriculum Development
Curriculum development is influenced by various factors that shape educational policies and practices.
Societal Factors
Societal factors, such as cultural, economic, and political forces, play a significant role in curriculum development. Changes in society, including technological advancements, globalization, and shifts in workforce demands, impact the knowledge and skills students need to acquire. Curriculum developers must consider these factors to ensure that the curriculum remains relevant and prepares students for the challenges of the future.
Cultural Factors
Cultural factors, including values, beliefs, and traditions, influence curriculum content and design. Different cultures prioritize different aspects of education and may have distinct approaches to teaching and learning. Culturally responsive curricula recognize and respect the diversity of students' backgrounds and promote inclusive and equitable education.
Technological Factors
Technological advancements have transformed the way we live, work, and learn. In the digital age, curriculum developers must consider the integration of technology into the curriculum. Technology can enhance learning experiences, facilitate access to information, and promote collaboration and creativity. It is essential to keep pace with technological developments and leverage their potential in curriculum design.
Globalization and Internationalization
Globalization has interconnected economies, cultures, and societies on a global scale. In this interconnected world, students need to develop cross-cultural competencies and global awareness. Curriculum development should incorporate global perspectives, multicultural content, and opportunities for international collaboration. It should prepare students to thrive in a diverse and interconnected world.