Skip to main content

Latest Upload

Creating Effective Lectures by Applying Gagne’s Nine Steps of Instruction

Gagne’s “Nine Steps of Instruction” (or “Nine Events of Instruction”) is an instructional design model that aims to help develop and deliver a class lecture (Gagne’, 1992). Gagne’ believed there are “conditions of learning.” In order to create and stimulate such a “condition of learning,” he developed nine general steps of instruction in teaching (Killpatrick, 2001). By following these nine steps, students will have a higher chance of mastering the knowledge or concepts.  The following is a brief list of examples of how Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction model can be applied in everyday classes.   Step 1: Arouse students’ attention  Students won’t be ready for learning if instructors don’t have their attention. This step is to obtain their attention so that they will be curious and want to know what’s next. Use of pictures, videos, case studies, news, storytelling, polls, or other ice breaking activities will quickly get students to focus their attention on the con...

Creating Effective Lectures by Applying Gagne’s Nine Steps of Instruction

Gagne’s “Nine Steps of Instruction” (or “Nine Events of Instruction”) is an instructional design model that aims to help develop and deliver a class lecture (Gagne’, 1992). Gagne’ believed there are “conditions of learning.” In order to create and stimulate such a “condition of learning,” he developed nine general steps of instruction in teaching (Killpatrick, 2001). By following these nine steps, students will have a higher chance of mastering the knowledge or concepts. 

The following is a brief list of examples of how Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction model can be applied in everyday classes.  

Step 1: Arouse students’ attention 

Students won’t be ready for learning if instructors don’t have their attention. This step is to obtain their attention so that they will be curious and want to know what’s next. Use of pictures, videos, case studies, news, storytelling, polls, or other ice breaking activities will quickly get students to focus their attention on the content.  

Step 2: Inform students of course goals and objectives 

Students want to know what they are going to learn, what they will be able to perform at the end of the semester, and how they will be able to use the knowledge or skills in the future. Telling students what the course goals and objectives also help them grab the most important things and have them focus their efforts on your course. 

Step 3: Relate prior knowledge to the current learning materials 

Students learn best if new knowledge is placed into a context that they are already familiar with. This step allows students to learn new information by retrieving their prior knowledge. To help students recall prior knowledge, ask students about the subjects or activities from previous classes, or have them share their own content related experiences, or have students discuss the connections between acquired knowledge and the current topics.  

Step 4: Present the content 

Make sure to “chunk” the course content into many small manageable pieces so to avoid overwhelming students. Keep it interactive. It’s suggested that instructors use a variety of teaching approaches to interact with your students, such as short lectures, group discussions, case studies, or roleplaying. 

Step 5: Guide students to perform 

Unlike the previous step (presenting the content), this step includes helping students understand presented knowledge as well as later applying the learned knowledge or skill. To effectively guide students, instructors can give examples, model the process, give hints and prompts, use hands-on activities, or provide criteria/rubrics. 

Step 6: Let students practice newly presented knowledge/concepts 

Students learn best by doing things. This step allows students to practice the new knowledge or skills. At this point, students are expected to apply newly learned knowledge by themselves with a little guidance. This might include having students work on real-life cases in groups, having hands-on lab practices, or asking students to elaborate their own understandings of the learning content. 

Step 7: Provide feedback to students 

Provide timely and detailed feedback to students on their performance. It’s not enough for only telling them “Good job” or “You are not right.” Instead, tell them why they are right, why they are wrong and what must be improved. Use of rubrics helps students understand feedback better, if needed. 

Step 8: Assess learning outcome 

This step allows instructors to see whether or not their students achieve the learning objective as well as allow students to see what content areas they have not mastered. Instructors can give students online or paper-based quizzes, have them do presentations, give them individual/ group projects, or have them demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a lab exercise.  

Step 9: Enhance retention and transfer of learning 

This step assists students in retaining newly learned knowledge and applying it in a new context. Highlighting and reviewing important knowledge or concepts in real-life scenarios will help students transfer acquired knowledge. To help students retain and transfer the knowledge, have students discuss the potential applications in the workplaces or give enough opportunities for students to practice the knowledge during or after class.

 References: 

 Gagné, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of instructional design (4th Ed.). Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. 

Popular Posts

The Meaning and Significance of Social Development

Explore the meaning and significance of social development, understand its impact on personal growth and well-being, and discover practical strategies for fostering meaningful connections. Nurturing Social Development: Unlocking the Meaning and Importance of Building Connections In today's fast-paced and interconnected world, social development holds a paramount role in shaping our lives. It encompasses the process of acquiring and refining the skills, attitudes, and competencies necessary to establish meaningful connections and engage harmoniously with others. Social development is not limited to specific age groups or stages of life; rather, it is a lifelong journey that profoundly influences our personal growth and well-being. This article aims to delve into the meaning and importance of social development, highlighting its impact on individuals and society as a whole. Through a comprehensive exploration of this topic, we will gain insights into practical strategies for nurturin...

Understanding the Meaning and Process of Emotional Development

Discover the fascinating journey of emotional development, delving into the meaning and process that shapes our emotional intelligence. Gain insights into the stages, factors, and benefits of this crucial aspect of human growth! The Mysteries of Emotional Development: Understanding the Meaning and Process Emotions play a vital role in our lives, influencing how we perceive and interact with the world around us. From the moment we are born, emotional development begins its course, guiding us through a complex journey of self-awareness, empathy, and emotional intelligence. But what exactly is the meaning and process of emotional development? How do our emotions evolve over time, and what factors contribute to this intricate process? Join us as we embark on an enlightening exploration of emotional development, unraveling its significance and shedding light on the intricate pathways that shape our emotional lives. The Foundation: Understanding Emotional Development Before we dive into the ...

Igniting Minds: Active Learning in Biology Classrooms

Article Outline 1. Introduction    - What is active learning?    - Importance of active learning in education 2. The Traditional Classroom vs. Active Learning    - Passive learning drawbacks    - Benefits of incorporating active learning in biology classes 3. Engaging Activities for Active Learning    - Case studies and real-world examples    - Group discussions and debates    - Interactive technology integration 4. Hands-On Experiments and Labs    - Importance of practical experience    - Creating a laboratory-rich environment 5. Utilizing Multimedia Resources    - Role of visuals and videos    - Incorporating online platforms for interactive learning 6. Fostering Critical Thinking in Biology    - Problem-solving scenarios    - Socratic questioning techniques 7. The Role of Gamification    - Turning lessons into games    - Gamified quizze...

The Role of Meta-Cognition in Knowledge Construction

Discover the transformative power of meta-cognition: self-reflection, strategy development, and critical thinking. Empower learners and optimize education through its implementation. Introduction In the dynamic realm of learning and cognition, meta-cognition stands as a cornerstone for comprehension. It involves the ability to contemplate one's own thinking processes and engage in introspection. This formidable tool not only aids personal development but also plays a pivotal role in constructing and acquiring knowledge. This article delves deep into the concept of meta-cognition and explores its profound impact on knowledge formation. Understanding Meta-Cognition Meta-cognition encompasses a spectrum of cognitive processes that involve monitoring, controlling, and regulating one's own thinking. It empowers individuals to analyze their thoughts, identify gaps in understanding, and develop effective strategies to bridge those gaps. By engaging in meta-cognitive activities, indivi...

The Teacher as a Role Model: Inspiring Minds, Shaping Futures

The Teacher as a Role Model: Inspiring Minds, Shaping Futures. Discover the profound impact of teachers as role models in shaping the lives of students. This informative article explores the qualities that make a teacher an effective role model and provides valuable insights into the importance of this influential role in education. Introduction When we reflect upon our school days, it is often the teachers who leave an indelible mark on our lives. Beyond their academic expertise, teachers serve as role models, imparting valuable life lessons and inspiring students to reach their full potential. In this article, we delve into the significance of the teacher as a role model and explore the qualities and responsibilities that make this role so crucial in shaping the future generation. Why Are Teachers Considered Role Models? Teachers hold a unique position of influence in the lives of their students. Their actions, attitudes, and values have the power to leave a lasting impact, helping s...